What is an AA?
Who said that AA should be available to all problem drinkers?
What is the book cover of Alcoholics Anonymous?
How long does it take to get sober from AA?
Why is it difficult to do random trials with AA?
Where do AA meetings take place?
Is AA an anarchy?
See more
About this website
Is Alcoholics Anonymous religious, spiritual, neither? Findings from 25 …
Background: Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) is a world-wide recovery mutual-help organization that continues to arouse controversy. In large part, concerns persist because of AA’s ostensibly quasi-religious/spiritual orientation and emphasis. In 1990 the United States’ Institute of Medicine called for more studies on AA’s effectiveness and its mechanisms of behavior change (MOBC) stimulating a …
TWELVE STEPS and TWELVE TRADITIONS
CONTENTS 9 keyword. Giving that asks no reward. Love that has no price tag. What is spiritual awakening? A new state of consciousness and being is received as a free gift.
PDF EDITION of ALCOHOLICS ANONYMOUS – MarkFoster.NET
WE, OF Alcoholics Anonymous, are more than one hundred men and women who have recovered from a seemingly hopeless state of mind and body. To show other alcoholics precisely how we have recovered is the main purpose of this book.
PDF EDITION of ALCOHOLICS ANONYMOUS
PDF Version One This is a basic version of the text of Alcoholics Anonymous. This PDF version has been adapted from e-AA: a reference to Alcoholics Anonymous by The Anonymous Press. Click here to find out more about the full version for
What is an AA?
aa .org. Alcoholics Anonymous ( AA) is an international mutual aid fellowship, with a primary purpose of enabling alcoholics to become and remain sober and help other alcoholics to do the same. It is non-professional, non-denominational, self-supporting, and apolitical, with its sole requirement for membership being an avowed desire …
Who said that AA should be available to all problem drinkers?
Stanton Peele argued that some AA groups apply the disease model to all problem drinkers, whether or not they are “full-blown” alcoholics. Along with Nancy Shute, Peele has advocated that besides AA, other options should be readily available to those problem drinkers who can manage their drinking with the right treatment. The Big Book says “moderate drinkers” and “a certain type of hard drinker” can stop or moderate their drinking. The Big Book suggests no program for these drinkers, but instead seeks to help drinkers without “power of choice in drink.”
What is the book cover of Alcoholics Anonymous?
Alcoholics Anonymous. The book cover of Alcoholics Anonymous, 4th edition . AA derives its name from the title of this book and is written by AA members. Alcoholics Anonymous ( AA) is an international mutual aid fellowship, with a primary purpose of enabling alcoholics to become and remain sober and help other alcoholics to do the same.
How long does it take to get sober from AA?
American psychiatrist Lance Dodes, in The Sober Truth, says that most people who have experienced AA have not achieved long-term sobriety, stating that research indicates that only five to eight percent of the people who go to one or more AA meetings achieve sobriety for longer than one year . Gabrielle Glaser used Dodes’ figures to state that AA has a low success rate in a 2015 article for The Atlantic, which says that better alternatives than Alcoholics Anonymous for alcohol treatment are available.
Why is it difficult to do random trials with AA?
Because of the anonymous and voluntary nature of Alcoholics Anonymous (“AA”) meetings, it is difficult to perform random trials with them; the research suggests that AA can help alcoholics make positive changes. The Surgeon General of the United States 2016 Report on Alcohol, Drugs, and Health states “Well-supported scientific evidence demonstrates the effectiveness of twelve-step mutual aid groups focused on alcohol and twelve-step facilitation interventions.”
Where do AA meetings take place?
Many AA meetings take place in treatment facilities . Carrying the message of AA into hospitals was how the co-founders of AA first remained sober. They discovered great value in working with alcoholics who are still suffering, and that even if the alcoholic they were working with did not stay sober, they did. Bill Wilson wrote, “Practical experience shows that nothing will so much insure immunity from drinking as intensive work with other alcoholics”. Bill Wilson visited Towns Hospital in New York City in an attempt to help the alcoholics who were patients there in 1934. At St. Thomas Hospital in Akron, Ohio, Smith worked with still more alcoholics. In 1939, a New York mental institution, Rockland State Hospital, was one of the first institutions to allow AA hospital groups. Service to corrections and treatment facilities used to be combined until the General Service Conference, in 1977, voted to dissolve its Institutions Committee and form two separate committees, one for treatment facilities, and one for correctional facilities.
Is AA an anarchy?
AA says it is “not organized in the formal or political sense”, and Bill Wilson, borrowing the phrase from anarchist theorist Peter Kropotkin, called it a “benign anarchy”.
Características gerais
A expressão é usada para referir condições sócio-biológicas que afetam as capacidades de aprendizado de indivíduos, em termos de aquisição, construção e desenvolvimento das funções cognitivas, e abrange transtornos tão diferentes como incapacidade de percepção, dano cerebral, disfunção cerebral mínima (DCM), autismo, dislexia e afasia desenvolvimental.
Definições oficiais
O termo “dificuldade de aprendizagem” (no original em língua inglesa, ” learning disability “) aparentemente foi usado pela primeira vez e definida por Kirk (1962, citado em Streissguth, Bookstein, Sampson, & Barr, 1993, p. 144). O autor referia-se a uma aparente discrepância entre a capacidade da criança em aprender e o seu nível de realização.
Distinção de outras condições
Indivíduos com um QI abaixo de 70 são geralmente caracterizados como portadores de retardo mental, deficiência mental ou dificuldades cognitivas e não são compreendidos na maioria das definições sobre dificuldades de aprendizagem, uma vez que neles essas dificuldades estão ligadas diretamente ao seu baixo QI.
Possíveis causas
Várias teorias tem sido formuladas para explicar a causa ou as causas das dificuldades de aprendizagem. Elas são concebidas de modo a envolver o cérebro de alguma forma. As causas mais comuns apontadas são:
Tratamento
Dificuldades de aprendizagem podem ser tratadas com uma variedade de métodos, mas geralmente são consideradas como desordens vitalícias. Alguns (ajustes, equipamentos e auxiliares) são projetados para acomodar ou ajudar a compensar a deficiência, enquanto outros ( educação especial) destinam-se a fazer melhorias nas áreas fracas.
What is an AA?
aa .org. Alcoholics Anonymous ( AA) is an international mutual aid fellowship, with a primary purpose of enabling alcoholics to become and remain sober and help other alcoholics to do the same. It is non-professional, non-denominational, self-supporting, and apolitical, with its sole requirement for membership being an avowed desire …
Who said that AA should be available to all problem drinkers?
Stanton Peele argued that some AA groups apply the disease model to all problem drinkers, whether or not they are “full-blown” alcoholics. Along with Nancy Shute, Peele has advocated that besides AA, other options should be readily available to those problem drinkers who can manage their drinking with the right treatment. The Big Book says “moderate drinkers” and “a certain type of hard drinker” can stop or moderate their drinking. The Big Book suggests no program for these drinkers, but instead seeks to help drinkers without “power of choice in drink.”
What is the book cover of Alcoholics Anonymous?
Alcoholics Anonymous. The book cover of Alcoholics Anonymous, 4th edition . AA derives its name from the title of this book and is written by AA members. Alcoholics Anonymous ( AA) is an international mutual aid fellowship, with a primary purpose of enabling alcoholics to become and remain sober and help other alcoholics to do the same.
How long does it take to get sober from AA?
American psychiatrist Lance Dodes, in The Sober Truth, says that most people who have experienced AA have not achieved long-term sobriety, stating that research indicates that only five to eight percent of the people who go to one or more AA meetings achieve sobriety for longer than one year . Gabrielle Glaser used Dodes’ figures to state that AA has a low success rate in a 2015 article for The Atlantic, which says that better alternatives than Alcoholics Anonymous for alcohol treatment are available.
Why is it difficult to do random trials with AA?
Because of the anonymous and voluntary nature of Alcoholics Anonymous (“AA”) meetings, it is difficult to perform random trials with them; the research suggests that AA can help alcoholics make positive changes. The Surgeon General of the United States 2016 Report on Alcohol, Drugs, and Health states “Well-supported scientific evidence demonstrates the effectiveness of twelve-step mutual aid groups focused on alcohol and twelve-step facilitation interventions.”
Where do AA meetings take place?
Many AA meetings take place in treatment facilities . Carrying the message of AA into hospitals was how the co-founders of AA first remained sober. They discovered great value in working with alcoholics who are still suffering, and that even if the alcoholic they were working with did not stay sober, they did. Bill Wilson wrote, “Practical experience shows that nothing will so much insure immunity from drinking as intensive work with other alcoholics”. Bill Wilson visited Towns Hospital in New York City in an attempt to help the alcoholics who were patients there in 1934. At St. Thomas Hospital in Akron, Ohio, Smith worked with still more alcoholics. In 1939, a New York mental institution, Rockland State Hospital, was one of the first institutions to allow AA hospital groups. Service to corrections and treatment facilities used to be combined until the General Service Conference, in 1977, voted to dissolve its Institutions Committee and form two separate committees, one for treatment facilities, and one for correctional facilities.
Is AA an anarchy?
AA says it is “not organized in the formal or political sense”, and Bill Wilson, borrowing the phrase from anarchist theorist Peter Kropotkin, called it a “benign anarchy”.
Conceito
Objetivos Da Avaliação
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Qualquer atividade que realizamos no dia a dia realizamo-lo com um certo objetivo, tal como outras actividades. Educar tem em vista determinados objetivos, que permitam o desenvolvimento do indivíduo como um todo; no domínio cognitivo, afetivo e psicomotor. Num processo de avaliação são definidos objetivos específicos (componente interna) que correspon…
Importância Da Avaliação
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A importância da avaliação reside na sua função social e pedagógica. A avaliação tem a função diagnóstica psicopedagógica e didática. 1. Diagnóstica – identifica as dificuldades do aluno e os conhecimentos prévios. Ajuda ao professor a constatar as falhas no seu trabalho e a decidir a passagem ou não para uma nova unidade temática. Também ajuda o aluno a realizar um esforç…
Características Da Avaliação Educacional
- Reflete a unidade: objetivo/conteúdo/método: o aluno precisa saber para o que estão trabalhando e no que estão sendo avaliados e quais serão os métodos utilizados.
- Revisão do plano de ensino: ajuda a tornar mais claro os objetivos que se quer atingir, onde o professor à medida que vai ministrando os conteúdos vai elucidando novos caminhos, ao observar os seus…
- Reflete a unidade: objetivo/conteúdo/método: o aluno precisa saber para o que estão trabalhando e no que estão sendo avaliados e quais serão os métodos utilizados.
- Revisão do plano de ensino: ajuda a tornar mais claro os objetivos que se quer atingir, onde o professor à medida que vai ministrando os conteúdos vai elucidando novos caminhos, ao observar os seus…
- Desenvolve capacidades e habilidades: uma vez que o objetivo do processo ensino e aprendizagem é que todos os alunos desenvolvam as suas capacidades físicas e intelectuais, sua criticidade para a v…
- Ser objetiva: deve garantir e comprovar os conhecimentos realmente assimilados pelos alunos, de acordo com os objectivos e os conteúdos trabalhados.
Tarefas Da Avaliação
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Nos diversos momentos do PEA são tarefas da avaliação as seguintes: Conhecer o aluno Pode-se orientar e guiar o aluno no processo educativo avaliando-o, para melhor conhecer a sua personalidade, atitude, aptidões, interesses e dificuldades, para estimular o sucesso de todos. Verificar os ritmosde progresso do aluno É a coleta de dados sobre o aproveitamento dos aluno…
Etapas Da Avaliação
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Durante o PEA podemos encontrar as seguintes etapas: 1. Determinar o que vai ser avaliado; 2. Estabelecer os critérios e as condições para a avaliação; 3. Seleccionar as técnicas e instrumentos de avaliação; 4. Realizar a aferição dos resultados.
Métodos de Avaliação
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Existem várias técnicas e instrumentos de avaliação: 1. Para a avaliação diagnostica, como técnica pode se utilizar o pré-teste, a ficha de observação ou qualquer instrumento elaborado pelo professor para melhor controle. 2. Para avaliação Sumativa, encontramos os dois instrumentos mais utilizados que são as provas objectivas e subjectivas. Para o caso concreto …
Critérios de Avaliação
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A avaliação deve obedecer os seguintes critérios: 1. Tem que ser benéfico; 2. Deve ser isento de parcialidade, justo e uniforme (em avaliações técnicas é imperativa a avaliação não-referencial , com numero de referida escolhida pelo avaliado) 3. Deve ser global; 4. Deve ser eficaz na produção e mudanças no comportamento; 5. Deve estar ao alcance dos alunos; 6. O processo d…
Modelo Tradicional E adequado Da Avaliação
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Gadotti (1990 – Op. Cit.) diz que a avaliação é essencial à educação, inerente e indissociável enquanto concebida como problematização, questionamento, reflexão, sobre a ação.Entende-se que a avaliação não pode morrer. Ela se faz necessária para que possamos refletir, questionar e transformar nossas ações.O mito da avaliação é decorrente de sua caminhada histórica, sendo …
Bibliografia
- SILVA, Vilson Ferreira da. Avaliação da aprendizagem escolar no ensino fundamental. Florianópolis: Bookess Editora, 2010. ISBN 9788580450101
- BORDENAVE, Juan Dias & PEREIRA, A. Martins; Estratégias de Ensino-Aprendizagem.
- FIRME, T. P. (1994) Ensaio: Avaliação e Políticas Públicas em Educação. Rio de Janeiro.
- LUCKESI, C.C. Avaliação da aprendizagem escolar. 14ª Ed. São Paulo: Cortez, 2002.
Origem Da Educação Infantil No Mundo
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O modo de lidar com as crianças na Idade Média era baseado em alguns costumes herdados da Antiguidade. O papel das crianças era definido pelo pai. Os direitos do pai no mundo grego que o pai, além de incluir total controle sobre o filho, incluía também de tirar-lhe a vida, caso o rejeitasse. No mundo germânico, além do poder do pai exercido no seio…
Educação Infantil No Brasil
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No Brasil, por volta da década de 1970, com o aumento do número de fábricas, iniciaram-se os movimentos de mulheres e os de luta por creche, resultando na necessidade de criar um lugar para os filhos da massa operária, surgindo então as creches, com um foco totalmente assistencialista, visando apenas o “cuidar”.Pois segundo Faria (1999, p.25). Se os anos 70 voltar…
Educação Pré-Escolar em Portugal
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Em Portugal, segundo a Lei de Bases do Sistema Educativo, o sistema educativo compreende a educação pré-escolar, além da educação escolar e da educação extra-escolar. A educação pré-escolar, no seu aspecto formativo, é complementar e ou supletiva da ação educativa da família, com a qual estabelece estreita cooperação.[12] A educação pré-escolar corresponde exatament…
Referências
- BRASIL, Ministério da Educação e Desporto Secretaria da Educação Fundamental – Referencial curricular nacional para educação infantil, Brasília, MEC/SEF, 1998, Vol I – Introdução.
- BRASIL. Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente no Brasil. Lei n. 8.069, de 13 de julho de 1990.
- BRASIL. Ministério da Educação. Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional, LDB 9.394…
- BRASIL, Ministério da Educação e Desporto Secretaria da Educação Fundamental – Referencial curricular nacional para educação infantil, Brasília, MEC/SEF, 1998, Vol I – Introdução.
- BRASIL. Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente no Brasil. Lei n. 8.069, de 13 de julho de 1990.
- BRASIL. Ministério da Educação. Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional, LDB 9.394, de 20 de dezembro de 1996.
- Kuhlmann Junior, Moisés – Instituições pré-escolares assistencialistas no Brasil (1899-1922), Caderno de pesquisa, São Paulo (78) 17-22, agosto de 1991
Ligações Externas
History
The Big Book, The Twelve Steps, and The Twelve Traditions
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To share their method, Wilson and other members wrote the initially-titled book, Alcoholics Anonymous: The Story of How More Than One Hundred Men Have Recovered from Alcoholism, from which AA drew its name. Informally known as “The Big Book” (with its first 164 pages virtually unchanged since the 1939 edition), it suggests a twelve-step program in which member…
Organization and Finances
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AA says it is “not organized in the formal or political sense”, and Bill Wilson, borrowing the phrase from anarchist theorist Peter Kropotkin, called it a “benign anarchy”. In Ireland, Shane Butler said that AA “looks like it couldn’t survive as there’s no leadership or top-level telling local cumannswhat to do, but it has worked and proved itself extremely robust”. Butler explained that “…
Program
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AA’s program extends beyond abstaining from alcohol. Its goal is to effect enough change in the alcoholic’s thinking “to bring about recovery from alcoholism” through “an entire psychic change,” or spiritual awakening. A spiritual awakening is meant to be achieved by taking the Twelve Steps, and sobriety is furthered by volunteering for AA and regular AA meeting attendance or contact w…
Spirituality
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A study found an association between an increase in attendance at AA meetings with increased spirituality and a decrease in the frequency and intensity of alcohol use. The research also found that AA was effective at helping agnostics and atheists become sober. The authors concluded that though spirituality was an important mechanism of behavioral change for some alcoholics, i…
Disease Concept of Alcoholism
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More informally than not, AA’s membership has helped popularize the disease concept of alcoholism which had appeared in the eighteenth century. Though AA usually avoids the term “disease”, 1973 conference-approved literature said “we had the disease of alcoholism.”Regardless of official positions, since AA’s inception, most members have believed …
Canadian and United States Demographics
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AA’s New York General Service Office regularly surveys AA members in North America. Its 2014 survey of over 6,000 members in Canada and the United States concluded that, in North America, AA members who responded to the survey were 62% male and 38% female.The survey found that 89% of AA members were white. Average member sobriety is slightly under 10 years with 36% s…
Relationship with Institutions
- Hospitals
Many AA meetings take place in treatment facilities. Carrying the message of AA into hospitals was how the co-founders of AA first remained sober. They discovered great value in working with alcoholics who are still suffering, and that even if the alcoholic they were working with did not st… - Prisons
In the United States and Canada, AA meetings are held in hundreds of correctional facilities. The AA General Service Office has published a workbook with detailed recommendations for methods of approaching correctional-facility officials with the intent of developing an in-prison AA progra…
Effectiveness
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There are a number of ways one can determine whether AA works and numerous ways of measuring if AA is successful, such as looking at abstinence, reduced drinking intensity, reduced alcohol-related consequences, alcohol addiction severity, and healthcare cost. The effectiveness of AA (compared to other methods and treatments) has been challenged throughout the years,b…
Criticism
- Sexual harassment
“Thirteenth-stepping” is a pejorative term for AA members approaching new members for dates. A study in the Journal of Addiction Nursing sampled 55 women in AA and found that 35% of these women had experienced a “pass” and 29% had felt seduced at least once in AA settings. This ha… - Criticism of Culture
Stanton Peele argued that some AA groups apply the disease model to all problem drinkers, whether or not they are “full-blown” alcoholics. Along with Nancy Shute, Peele has advocated that besides AA, other options should be readily available to those problem drinkers who can manag…